Forestry Research Today is a free monthly online journal that collates and summarizes the latest research about Forestry, including details on fungi, diseases, management, harvesting.

Production of xylooligosaccharides by xylanase from Pichia stipitis based on xylan preparation from triploid Populas tomentosa.

Yang H, Wang K, Song X, Xu F

Institute of Biomass Chemistry and Technology, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.

Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) with DP 2-4 are important synbiotics used as food ingredients based on its prebiotic characteristics. In this work, the production of XOS from lignocellulosic material was performed by combined chemical-enzymatic methods. Xylan was prepared from triploid Populas tomentosa, and bioconverted into XOS by crude xylanase solution obtained from Pichia stipitis. The effects of reaction time, temperature, enzyme dosage, and pH value on the production of XOS were fully evaluated. Under the optimal condition (25Ug(-1) substrate, pH 5.4 and 50°C), 36.8% of the xylan preparation was converted to XOS, equivalent to 3.95mg/mL of the hydrolyzate. Xylobiose, xylotriose and xylotetrose were analyzed to be the main products of the enzymatic hydrolyzate, which together accounted for over 95% of the released oligosaccharides. Meanwhile, the effect of sonication pretreatment on the conversion efficiency of the xylan preparation was also investigated.

Published 13 May 2011 in Bioresour Technol.
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Articles on Forestry published 13 May 2011:

The early secretory pathway and an actin-myosin VIII motility system are required for plasmodesmatal localization of the NSvc4 protein of Rice stripe virus.   Virus Res.

Plant viruses utilize movement proteins to gain access to plasmodesmata (PD) for cell-to-cell propagation. While the NSvc4 protein of Rice stripe virus (RSV) is implicated in the passage of viruses from cell to cell, its role remains to be elucidated. We examined the mechanisms by which RSV NSvc4 is targeted to PD in cell walls. NSvc4 accumulated at PD when expressed as a fusion with yellow fluorescent protein in leaf cells of Nicotiana benthamiana. NSvc4 was targeted to4 PD via the endoplasmic ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

SHORT INTERNODES-like genes regulate shoot growth and xylem proliferation in Populus.   New Phytol.

• Genes controlling plant growth and form are of considerable interest, because they affect survival and productivity traits, and are largely unknown or poorly characterized. The SHORT INTERNODES(SHI) gene is one of a 10-member SHI-RELATED SEQUENCE (SRS) gene family in Arabidopsis that includes important developmental regulators. • Using comparative sequence analysis of the SRS gene families in poplar and Arabidopsis, we identified two poplar proteins that are most similar to SHI and its ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Performance of granular zirconium-iron oxide in the removal of fluoride from drinking water.   Water Res.

In this study, a granular zirconium-iron oxide (GZI) was successfully prepared using the extrusion method, and its defluoridation performance was systematically evaluated. The GZI was composed of amorphous and nano-scale oxide particles. The Zr and Fe were evenly distributed on its surface, with a Zr/Fe molar ratio of ∼2.3. The granular adsorbent was porous with high permeability potential. Moreover, it had excellent mechanical stability and high crushing strength, which ensured less material ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Forestry published 12 May 2011:

Estimation of Mussel Population Response to Hydrologic Alteration in a Southeastern U.S. Stream.   Environ Manage.

The southeastern United States has experienced severe, recurrent drought, rapid human population growth, and increasing agricultural irrigation during recent decades, resulting in greater demand for the water resources. During the same time period, freshwater mussels (Unioniformes) in the region have experienced substantial population declines. Consequently, there is growing interest in determining how mussel population declines are related to activities associated with water resource ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Deep simple epicotyl morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of two Viburnum species, with special reference to shoot growth and development inside the seed.   Ann Bot.

Background and Aims In seeds with deep simple epicotyl morphophysiological dormancy, warm and cold stratification are required to break dormancy of the radicle and shoot, respectively. Although the shoot remains inside the seed all winter, little is known about its growth and morphological development prior to emergence in spring. The aims of the present study were to determine the temperature requirements for radicle and shoot emergence in seeds of Viburnum betulifolium and V. parvifolium and ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Laboratory and field evaluation of the transgenic Populus alba x Populus glandulosa expressing double coleopteran-resistance genes.   Tree Physiol.

Expression of the two coleopteran-resistant proteins (Bt-Cry3A and oryzacystatin I) was detected in the leaves of field-grown transgenic poplar (BOGA-5) in two or three subsequent years. The BOGA-5 contained ∼10 μg g(-1) of Cry3A over the individual years with no detection in the control, and protein extracts from BOGA-5 displayed a higher reduction in papain activity (∼42%) compared with ∼21% in the control. Laboratory feeding experiments showed that the total mortality of ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Inventory Development and Input-Output Model of U.S. Land Use: Relating Land in Production to Consumption.   Environ Sci Technol.

As populations and demands for land-intensive products, e.g., cattle and biofuels, increase the need to understand the relationship between land use and consumption grows. This paper develops a production-based inventory of land use (i.e., the land used to produce goods) in the U.S. With this inventory an input-output analysis is used to create a consumption-based inventory of land use. This allows for exploration of links between land used in production to the consumption of particular goods. ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

Articles on Forestry published 11 May 2011:

Characterization of Betula platyphylla gene transcripts associated with early development of male inflorescence.   Mol Biol Rep.

Birch (Betula platyphylla), an eminent tree species in Northeast and Inner Mongolia of China, has been widely used in architecture, furniture, and paper making in recent years. In order to retrieve genes involved in early development of B. platyphylla male inflorescence, RNA populations extracted from early and late developmental stage were analyzed by cDNA-Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP) technique. Following amplification of 256 pairs of primer combinations, ~7000 fragments ... [Abstract] [Full-text]

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